Nicaragua - A Country Study

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Index Page

  • Country Profile
  • GEOGRAPHY
  • SOCIETY
  • ECONOMY
  • TRANSPORTATION AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS
  • GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS
  • NATIONAL SECURITY
  • INTRODUCTION
  • Chapter 1. Historical Setting
  • PRECOLONIAL PERIOD
  • COLONIAL PERIOD, 1522-1820
  • Colonial Rule
  • NINETEENTH CENTURY
  • Foreign Intervention, 1850-68
  • Conservative and Liberal Regimes, 1858-1909
  • THE EARLY TWENTIETH CENTURY AND THE SOMOZA YEARS, 1909- 79
  • United States Intervention, 1909-33
  • The Somoza Era, 1936-74
  • The Rise of the FSLN
  • The End of the Anastasio Somoza Debayle Era
  • The Sandinista Revolution
  • THE SANDINISTA YEARS, 1979-90
  • Growth of Opposition, 1981-83
  • Institutionalization of the Revolution, 1984
  • The Regional Peace Effort and Retrenchment of the Revolution, 1986-90
  • The UNO Electoral Victory
  • Chapter 2. The Society and Its Environment
  • CLIMATE AND TERRAIN
  • Climate
  • DEMOGRAPHY
  • CLASS STRUCTURE
  • SOCIAL CONDITIONS
  • Education
  • Health
  • FAMILY
  • THE LIVES OF WOMEN
  • RELIGION
  • CARIBBEAN SOCIETY
  • THE SANDINISTA REVOLUTION ON THE CARIBBEAN COAST
  • Chapter 3. The Economy
  • HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
  • Pre-Columbian and Colonial Era
  • The Coffee Boom, 1840s-1940s
  • Diversification and Growth, 1945-77
  • Legacy of the Sandinista Revolution, 1977-79
  • The Sandinista Era, 1979-90
  • The Chamorro Era, 1990-
  • NATIONALIZATION AND THE PRIVATE SECTOR
  • Privatization and the Private Sector
  • The Issue of Land Ownership
  • FINANCE
  • Currency
  • Inflation
  • Tax Reform
  • Deficits
  • EXTERNAL SECTOR
  • Foreign Aid
  • External Debt
  • LABOR
  • Composition of the Labor Force
  • Employment Conditions
  • Organized Labor
  • Unemployment and Underemployment
  • Wages
  • Labor Unrest
  • INDUSTRY
  • AGRICULTURE
  • Agricultural Policy
  • Crops
  • Cotton
  • Bananas
  • Other Crops
  • Livestock
  • NATURAL RESOURCES AND CONSERVATION
  • Mining
  • Conservation and the Environment
  • SERVICES
  • Transportation
  • Telecommunications
  • Electric Power and Energy
  • PROSPECTS
  • Chapter 4. Government and Politics
  • THE CHAMORRO GOVERNMENT TAKES POWER
  • CONSTITUTIONAL BACKGROUND
  • The Executive
  • The Legislature
  • The Judiciary
  • Local Government
  • Public Administration
  • POLITICAL DYNAMICS
  • Dispute over Property Rights
  • POLITICAL PARTIES
  • Small Non-UNO Parties
  • Sandinista National Liberation Front
  • Interest Groups
  • Labor Organizations
  • Producers' Groups
  • The Church
  • The Universities
  • The Media
  • FOREIGN RELATIONS
  • Relations with the United States
  • Relations with Central American Countries
  • Relations with Other Countries
  • Chapter 5. National Security
  • MILITARY HERITAGE
  • National Guard, 1927-79
  • Sandinista Guerrilla Movement, 1961-79
  • Sandinista People's Army 1979-90
  • Sandinista People's Militia
  • Foreign Influences and Assistance
  • THE NICARAGUAN RESISTANCE
  • ARMED FORCES AFTER 1990
  • Army
  • Air Force
  • Navy
  • DEFENSE SPENDING
  • INTERNAL SECURITY
  • Police and Law Enforcement
  • Secret Police and Intelligence
  • Human Rights
  • Prison Conditions
  • Criminal Justice System

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