Libya - A Country Study

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Index Page

  • COUNTRY PROFILE
  • GEOGRAPHY
  • SOCIETY
  • ECONOMY
  • TRANSPORTATION AND COMMUNICATIONS
  • GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS
  • NATIONAL SECURITY
  • INTRODUCTION
  • Chapter 1. Historical Setting
  • EARLY HISTORY
  • Tripolitania and the Phoenicians
  • Cyrenaica and the Greeks
  • Fezzan and the Garamentes
  • Libya and the Romans
  • ISLAM AND THE ARABS
  • Fatimids
  • Hilalians
  • Hafsids
  • Medieval Cyrenaica and Fezzan
  • OTTOMAN REGENCY
  • Pashas and Deys
  • Karamanlis
  • The Ottoman Revival
  • The Sanusi Order
  • ITALIAN COLONIALISM
  • Italian Rule and Arab Resistance
  • The Second Italo-Sanusi War
  • The Fourth Shore
  • WORLD WAR II AND INDEPENDENCE
  • The Desert War
  • Allied Administration
  • The United Nations and Libya
  • INDEPENDENT LIBYA
  • The September 1969 Coup
  • Qadhafi and the Revolutionary Command Council
  • The Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya
  • Petroleum Politics
  • Libya and Arab Unity
  • Libyan Ventures in Sub-Saharan Africa
  • Relations with the United States and Western Europe
  • Chapter 2. The Society and Its Environment
  • GEOGRAPHY
  • Climate and Hydrology
  • POPULATION
  • ETHNIC GROUPS AND LANGUAGES
  • Arabs
  • Berbers
  • Tuareg
  • Black Africans
  • Other Peoples
  • Languages of Libya
  • STRUCTURE OF SOCIETY
  • Evolutionary Changes in a Traditional Society
  • The Revolution and Social Change
  • THE FAMILY, THE INDIVIDUAL, AND THE SEXES
  • Family and Household
  • The Traditional View of Men and Women
  • The New Society of the Revolutionary Era
  • RELIGIOUS LIFE
  • Tenets of Islam
  • Saints and Brotherhoods
  • The Sanusis
  • Islam in Revolutionary Libya
  • HEALTH AND WELFARE
  • Medical Care
  • Housing
  • EDUCATION
  • Primary and Secondary Education
  • Higher Education
  • Chapter 3. The Economy
  • GROWTH AND STRUCTURE OF THE ECONOMY
  • ROLE OF THE GOVERNMENT
  • INDUSTRY
  • Hydrocarbons and Mining
  • Manufacturing and Construction
  • Energy
  • AGRICULTURE
  • Land Use and Irrigation
  • Crops and Livestock
  • Fishing and Forestry
  • INCOME AND WEALTH
  • PUBLIC FINANCE AND BANKING
  • Budget, Expenditures, and Revenues
  • Balance of Payments
  • Foreign Aid and Investment
  • Banking, Credit, and Currency
  • FOREIGN TRADE
  • DOMESTIC TRADE AND TOURISM
  • TRANSPORTATION AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS
  • Telecommunications
  • Chapter 4. Government and Politics
  • INTERNAL POLITICS
  • National Executive and Legislative Evolution
  • The General People's Congress
  • Subnational Government and Administration
  • The Arab Socialist Union
  • The Cultural Revolution and People's Committees
  • The Basic People's Congress
  • The Revolutionary Committees
  • Summary and Trends in 1987
  • LAW AND THE JUDICIARY
  • Court Structure
  • Other Juridical Organs
  • The People's Court
  • The Revolutionary Courts
  • Unions and Syndicates
  • OPPOSITION TO QADHAFI
  • Student Opposition
  • Military Opposition
  • Religious Opposition
  • Exiled Opposition
  • POLITICAL IDEOLOGY
  • Third Universal Theory
  • The Cultural Revolution
  • The Green Book
  • The Green Book, Part I
  • The Green Book, Part II
  • The Green Book, Part III
  • FOREIGN RELATIONS
  • Arab Relations
  • Mediterranean Relations
  • Maghrib Relations
  • Relations with Sub-Saharan Africa
  • Sudan
  • Chad
  • Relations with Western Europe and the United States
  • France
  • Italy
  • Britain
  • United States
  • Relations with the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe
  • Multilateral Relations
  • The Organization of African Unity
  • Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries and the Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries
  • Other Multilateral Organizations
  • Chapter 5. National Security
  • ORIGINS OF THE MODERN ARMED FORCES
  • THE MILITARY LEADERSHIP
  • INTERNATIONAL MILITARY CONCERNS AND OBJECTIVES
  • Performance in Combat
  • Invasion of Chad
  • Encounters with the United States
  • THE ARMED FORCES
  • Organization of the Armed Forces
  • The Navy
  • The Air Force
  • Conscription and the People's Militia
  • Women in the Armed Forces
  • Other Paramilitary Forces
  • Uniforms, Ranks, and Insignia of the Armed Forces
  • Defense Costs
  • FOREIGN MILITARY ASSISTANCE
  • The Quest for New Sources of Arms: 1970-
  • Military Cooperation with the Soviet Union
  • Western Restrictions on Arms Transactions
  • The Search for Nuclear Technology
  • ARMS PRODUCTION AND MILITARY COOPERATION
  • INTERNATIONAL TERRORISM AND SUPPORT FOR INSURGENT GROUPS
  • PUBLIC ORDER AND INTERNAL SECURITY
  • Incidence of Crime
  • Criminal Justice System
  • State of Internal Security

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