Iran - A Country Study

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Index Page

  • Country Profile
  • GEOGRAPHY
  • ECONOMY
  • TRANSPORTATION AND COMMUNICATIONS
  • GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS
  • NATIONAL SECURITY
  • Introduction
  • Chapter 1. Historical Setting
  • Ancient Iran
  • Immigration of the Medes and the Persians
  • The Achaemenid Empire, 550-330 B.C.
  • Alexander the Great, the Seleucids, and the Parthians
  • The Sassanids, A.D. 224-642
  • Islamic Conquest
  • INVASIONS OF THE MONGOLS AND TAMERLANE
  • THE SAFAVIDS, 1501-1722
  • THE QAJARS, 1795-1925
  • The Constitutional Revolution
  • World War I
  • THE ERA OF REZA SHAH, 1921-41
  • WORLD WAR II AND THE AZARBAIJAN CRISIS
  • MOSSADEQ AND OIL NATIONALIZATION
  • THE POST-MOSSADEQ ERA AND THE SHAH'S WHITE REVOLUTION
  • State and Society, 1964-74
  • Renewed Opposition
  • The Coming of the Revolution
  • THE BAKHTIAR GOVERNMENT
  • THE REVOLUTION
  • The New Constitution
  • The Bani Sadr Presidency
  • Terror and Repression
  • Consolidation of the Revolution
  • Chapter 2. The Society and Its Environment
  • GEOGRAPHY
  • Topography
  • Climate
  • POPULATION
  • Major Cities
  • Emigration
  • Refugees
  • PEOPLES AND LANGUAGES
  • The Persian Language
  • The Persian-speaking People
  • Indo-Iranian-speaking Groups
  • Baluchis
  • Kurds
  • Other Groups
  • Turkic-speaking Groups
  • Azarbaijanis
  • Qashqais
  • Other Groups
  • Semitic Language Groups
  • Armenians
  • STRUCTURE OF SOCIETY
  • Urban Society
  • The Urban Political Elite
  • The Bazaar
  • Social Class in Contemporary Iran
  • The Upper Classes
  • The Middle Classes
  • The Working Class
  • The Lower Class
  • Urban Migration
  • Rural Society
  • Nomadic Society
  • THE FAMILY
  • THE SEXES
  • Impact of Western Ideas on the Role of Women
  • Female Participation in the Work Force
  • RELIGIOUS LIFE
  • Shia Islam in Iran
  • Religious Obligations
  • Religious Institutions and Organizations
  • Religious Hierarchy
  • Unorthodox Shia Religious Movements
  • Sunni Muslims
  • Non-Muslim Minorities
  • Christians
  • Jews
  • Zoroastrians
  • EDUCATION
  • HEALTH AND WELFARE
  • Health Hazards and Preventive Medicine
  • Water Supply and Sanitation
  • Chapter 3. The Economy
  • ROLE OF THE GOVERNMENT
  • The Beginnings of Modernization: The Post-1925 Period
  • Oil Revenues and the Acceleration of Modernization, 1960-79
  • The Post-1979 Period
  • Monetary and Fiscal Policy
  • Banking
  • Taxes
  • THE WAR'S IMPACT ON THE ECONOMY
  • War Costs
  • LABOR FORCE
  • PETROLEUM INDUSTRY
  • Oil and Gas Industry
  • Production and Reserves
  • Concession Agreements
  • Refining and Transport
  • NON-OIL INDUSTRY
  • Carpets
  • Construction
  • Manufacturing and Industrial Development
  • Mining and Quarrying
  • Utilities
  • Transportation and Telecommunications
  • Telecommunications
  • Tourism
  • Water
  • Land Use
  • Crop Production
  • Grains
  • Sugar
  • Livestock
  • Fisheries
  • Forestry
  • FOREIGN TRADE
  • Non-Oil Exports
  • Trade Partners
  • BALANCE OF PAYMENTS
  • Chapter 4. Government and Politics
  • CONSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
  • The Faqih
  • The Presidency
  • The Prime Minister and the Council of Ministers
  • The Majlis
  • The Council of Guardians
  • The Judiciary
  • LOCAL GOVERNMENT
  • POLITICAL DYNAMICS
  • The Provisional Government
  • The Rise and Fall of Bani Sadr
  • The Reign of Terror
  • The Consolidation of Theocracy
  • POLITICAL PARTIES
  • The Domination of the Islamic Republican Party
  • Opposition Political Parties in Exile
  • Monarchists
  • Democratic Parties
  • Islamic Groups
  • Marxists
  • POLITICAL ORIENTATIONS
  • THE MASS MEDIA
  • FOREIGN POLICY
  • Concept of Export of Revolution
  • Concept of Neither East nor West
  • The Iran-Iraq War
  • Relations with Regional Powers
  • Turkey, Pakistan, and Afghanistan
  • Israel and the Non-Gulf Arab States
  • Iran's Role in Lebanon
  • Iran and International Organizations
  • Chapter 5. National Security
  • ARMED FORCES
  • The Revolutionary Period
  • Command and Control
  • Organization, Size, and Equipment
  • Navy
  • Air Force
  • Source and Quality of Manpower
  • Foreign Influences in Weapons, Training, and Support Systems
  • Domestic Arms Production
  • SPECIAL AND IRREGULAR ARMED FORCES
  • Organization and Functions
  • Operations
  • Role in National Security
  • THE IRAN-IRAQ WAR
  • Iranian Mobilization and Resistance
  • The Iranian Counteroffensive
  • The War of Attrition
  • Internationalization of the War
  • Gradual Superpower Involvement
  • The Tanker War
  • Role of the Air Force
  • Role of the Navy
  • ARMED FORCES AND SOCIETY
  • The Defense Burden
  • The Impact of Casualties on Society
  • Treatment of Veterans and Widows
  • INTERNAL SECURITY
  • Internal Security in the 1970s
  • Law Enforcement Agencies
  • SAVAK
  • SAVAMA
  • Gendarmerie and National Police
  • Antiregime Opposition Groups
  • Mojahedin
  • Fadayan
  • Paykar
  • The Role of Minorities in Internal Security

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